Bearing steel and direction of new technology(1) 05/29/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

Bearing steel mainly used in the manufacture of rolling and the Rolling Ring. As bearing should have long-life, high-precision, low-calorie, high-speed, high rigidity, low noise, high wear-resistance and other characteristics, bearing steel demand should have: high hardness, uniform hardness, high elastic limit, high-contact fatigue Strength, the necessary toughness, a certain hardenability, in the atmosphere of lubricants in the corrosion resistance. In order to achieve these performance requirementsCylindrical Roller Bearing , bearing steel uniformity of the chemical composition, content and non-metallic inclusions type, size and distribution of carbide, decarbonization, and so demanding. Bearing steel to the overall high-quality, high-performance and multi-species direction. Steel and bearing the characteristics of the environment is divided into: chromium bearing high-carbon steel, bearing steel carburizing, high-temperature bearing steel, stainless steel and bearings for the special bearing materials. To meet the high-temperature, high-speed, high capacity, corrosion resistance, anti-radiation requirements need to develop a series of special performance of the new bearing steel. In order to reduce the oxygen content bearing steel, smelting development of a vacuum, ESR, electron beam melting, and other bearing steel smelting technology. And large quantities of bearing steel smelting by the electric arc furnace smelting, to develop into various types of early furnace and boiler, refining. At present, the use of a capacity of more than 60 tons of early furnace + LF / VD or RH + + continuous casting and rolling bearing steel production process to achieve high-quality, high efficiency, low-power purposes. In the heat treatment process, from cars hearth furnace, a Bell-type heaters for the development of controlled atmosphere annealing furnace heat treatment. At present, continuous heat treatment furnace up to 150 m, processing production of steel ball bearings of the organizations stability and uniformity, the decarbonization of the small, low energy consumption. Since the 1970s, with economic development and industrial technological progress, expand the scope of application of bearings, and the development of international trade, and promote international standards of the bearing steel and new technology, new equipment and new technology development and application of efficiency High, high-quality, low cost of supporting technical and technological equipment have emerged. and have all built a high degree of cleanliness, high-quality bearing steel production line so that the rapid increase in the output of steel, steel quality and a substantial increase fatigue life. and bearing steel production of the oxygen content down to below 10 ppm. The late 1980s, Japan's Sanyo Special Steel Company's advanced level of 5.4 ppm, reached a vacuum remelted bearing steel level. Bearing contact fatigue life of the uniformity of Steel is very sensitive. Improve the cleanliness of (reduction of impurities in steel elements and inclusion content), to steel in the non-metallic inclusions and uniform distribution of small carbide, steel bearings to increase the contact fatigue life.

Bearing industries to foreign Glance (2.2) 05/23/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

In recent years, the United States bearing the increasingly intensified competition in the market, increasing trade friction, Japan, Europe bearing the anti-dumping measures more severe, the market environment is deteriorating, resulting in the United States and set up factories in foreign trade developed rapidly, the U.S. bearings industry by greatly affected. (3) German industrial bearings in the industry, science and technology are very well-developed ZWZ Bearing China Bearing Review European countries . As a result of this favourable conditions in , not only has a long history of industrial bearings, and the rapid development momentum, has been the world's leading producer of bearings and bearing one of the major exporter. To the early 1990s, the mid-owned enterprises bearing the production of about 76, the total output of more than 800 million units with annual sales of over 3.3 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the European bearing 45% of sales, 50,000 employees, annual sales per capita 66,000 U.S. dollars. bearing the three companies FAG, SKF German company, INA (Ina), bearing its output accounting for 45 per cent of national output, 35% and 16%. (4) , the Swedish industrial bearings industry rely mainly on SKF Bearing Company, the only European sales bearing bearing sales of 10.6%. 1990s period of junior high school, with 80 bearings manufacturer, employing 38,000 people, 700 million sets of annual sales of about 500 Ball Bearings million U.S. dollars. (5) the former Soviet Union industrial bearing the former Soviet Union were bearing more than 30 enterprises, the total number of workers over 20 million people, the annual output of about 10 million units with annual sales of about 2 billion U.S. dollars, per capita annual sales of about 10,000 U.S. dollars, bearing products Mainly for domestic use.

Impact of the factors bearing life and Control (4) 05/19/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

Impurities in the steel and mechanical properties of parts failures and the ability of impurities in the type, nature, number, size and shape, but usually have lower toughness, plastic and the role of fatigue life. With the inclusion of increasing size, and then reduce fatigue, and the higher the tensile strength of steel, increased to reduce the trend. Higher oxygen content in steel (oxide inclusion increase), bending fatigue and exposure to high stress and fatigue life in under also will be reduced. Therefore, under high stress in the work of the bearing parts, Ball Bearings steel manufacturers to reduce the oxygen content is necessary. Some studies show that the steel in the MnS inclusions, the elliptical shape of a sphere, but also against the larger parcels oxide inclusions, the lower its fatigue life may also be less affected or even useful, it can Ceramic Bearing control leniency. 2 affect bearing life of the material in order to control the factors that affect the life of the bearing material factors in its best state, first of all need to control the hardening of steel before the original organization, the technical measures can be taken are: high temperature (1050 ℃) Austenite of speed 630 ℃ to cold temperature, such as normalizing access to pseudo-eutectoid fine pearlite, or cold to 420 ℃, such as temperature, access to bainite organizations. Heat can also be forging rolling RTA, access to fine particulate pearlite organizations, to ensure that the carbon steel in small and evenly distributed. This original state of the Organization of the hardening Austenite heating, in addition to integration into the austenite in the carbide, undissolved Carbide will gather into a fine grit. When the original Roller Bearings organization of a certain time, the carbon content of quenching martensite (hardening of the heated carbon austenitic), retained austenite volume and undissolved mainly depends on the hardening of carbide heating temperature and keep time With quenching temperature increased (some time), in steel decrease in the number of undissolved carbide (carbon content higher quenching martensite), the increase in the number of retained austenite, the hardness of the first with the hardening of the higher temperature increase, Reached its peak and then with increasing temperature lower. When quenching a certain temperature, with the extension of austenitic, did not reduce the amount of dissolved carbon, the increase in the number of retained austenite, hardness increased, a longer time, this trend is slowing. When the original carbide in small, for easy integration into the austenitic carbide, the so-quenching after the hardness and a shift to lower the temperature in a relatively short time of austenite.

Bearing friction reduction of the plating process outlined in (4) 05/16/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

Fruit is too low in the bath too much concentration polarization, current or not to effect a flow-stripe coating defects and pyramid-shaped structure of the micro-Kim Sang, intuitive to reflect on the rough coating. If the content is too high so that on the one hand bath with a loss increases, increased costs on the other hand in the air

Wen low-prone boric acid (H3BO3) and the precipitation of additives, resulting in rough coating. DK is appropriate to the content of the provisions of the ceiling and crystal coating and meticulous in following the temperature dropped to 15 ℃, in the bath should have no additives and the boric acid precipitation phenomenon.

4.2.2 free fluoride boric acid (HBF4) concentration of its primary role for the anode to normal dissolved; prevent the price of tin (Sn2 +) and the suppression of the major ions (Pb2 +, Sn2 +, Cu2 +) hydrolysis to improve the stability of bath ; I. Introduction and Ball Bearing China Bearing Review improve the ability of decentralized; refined crystalline

. Reported in the literature in the range of 40 ~ 300 g / ι. When the boric acid free fluoride content is too low, it dissociation from the hydrogen ions (H +) concentration of low, may occur in the following bath hydrolysis; Pb2 + +2 H2O <==> Pb (OH) 2 ↓ +2 H + Sn2 + + 2H2O <==> Sn

(OH) 2 ↓ +2 H + Cu2 + +2 H2O <==> Cu (OH) 2 ↓ +2 H +. They all generate hydroxide precipitation and suspended in the bath. Electroplating, they adhesion to the substrate surface or inclusion in the coating, and it makes the coating and substrate binding force between the fall and the crisp coating, the Rough

, From Huaban, coating the wear-resistance and anti-fatigue properties decreased significantly. When the solution of boric acid content of fluorine free too high, in the plating of the high current density, that is, bearing a burr or sharp edge of the places, such as a hydrogen End precipitation. As a result, the coating on Bush

Rolling the common terms and definitions (other1) 05/14/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

Bearing configuration and sub-components: (a) a bearing arrangements. Paired paired mounting installation of two sets of roller bearing the face of end-to-installed on the same axis as a way to install, work can be considered as a whole. Bearing can be back-to-back, face-to-face or a series of

With 2. Portfolio installed stack mounting three or more of the rolling bearing the face of end-to-installed on the same axis as a way to install, work can be considered as a whole. 3. Back-to-back configuration back-to-bacd arrangement two adjacent Rolling

The outer ring back on the back of the installation methods. 4. Face-to-face configuration face-to-face arrangement of the two sets of roller bearing outer ring adjacent to the front in front of the installation methods. 5. Tandem configuration tandem arrangement of two or more of a roller bearing axis

By the back of the outer ring and a set of bearings in front of the outer ring relative is installed. 6. Matched pair by pair to set features (usually on to load or clearance) or the selection of the two sets of roller bearing manufacturer, and provided with the installation method. 7. Group matched with

stack will be three or more of the rolling bearing according to the characteristics, usually by clearance to load or selection or manufacture, install and provides methods together. (B) of sub-components 1. Sub-components sub-unit can be free from bearing down on the separation with or without rolling in, or take

Cage and roller bearings of the bearing rings or gaskets, free from bearing down on the separation of the rolling cage and components. 2. Interchangeable sub-components interchangeable sub-unit of a sub-components may be the same as a group of other sub-components replaced without affecting the shaft

Self Lubricating Knuckle Bearing

Universal Joint

Ball Screw

For the function. 3. Inner ring, cage and the ball (roller) component inner ring cage and ball (roller) assembly by an inner circle, the ball (roller) and Cage composition of the sub-components. 4. Cone inner ring cone assembly components from a conical inner ring.

Rolling the common terms and definitions (other1) 05/14/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

Bearing configuration and sub-components: (a) a bearing arrangements. Paired paired mounting installation of two sets of roller bearing the face of end-to-installed on the same axis as a way to install, work can be considered as a whole. Bearing can be back-to-back, face-to-face or a series of

With 2. Portfolio installed stack mounting three or more of the rolling bearing the face of end-to-installed on the same axis as a way to install, work can be considered as a whole. 3. Back-to-back configuration back-to-bacd arrangement two adjacent Rolling

The outer ring back on the back of the installation methods. 4. Face-to-face configuration face-to-face arrangement of the two sets of roller bearing outer ring adjacent to the front in front of the installation methods. 5. Tandem configuration tandem arrangement of two or more of a roller bearing axis

By the back of the outer ring and a set of bearings in front of the outer ring relative is installed. 6. Matched pair by pair to set features (usually on to load or clearance) or the selection of the two sets of roller bearing manufacturer, and provided with the installation method. 7. Group matched with

stack will be three or more of the rolling bearing according to the characteristics, usually by clearance to load or selection or manufacture, install and provides methods together. (B) of sub-components 1. Sub-components sub-unit can be free from bearing down on the separation with or without rolling in, or take

Cage and roller bearings of the bearing rings or gaskets, free from bearing down on the separation of the rolling cage and components. 2. Interchangeable sub-components interchangeable sub-unit of a sub-components may be the same as a group of other sub-components replaced without affecting the shaft

Self Lubricating Knuckle Bearing

Universal Joint

Ball Screw

For the function. 3. Inner ring, cage and the ball (roller) component inner ring cage and ball (roller) assembly by an inner circle, the ball (roller) and Cage composition of the sub-components. 4. Cone inner ring cone assembly components from a conical inner ring.

Radial contact bearing radial contact bearing nominal contact angle is 0 ° to the heart 05/12/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

Rolling. 3. Angular contact bearings to the heart angular contact radial bearing nominal contact angle greater than 0 ° to 45 ° to the heart of the rolling bearings. 4. Spherical bearing, insert bearing a spherical surface, and locking pieces with a wide inner ring to the heart of rolling bearings. Mainly forSimple to use shell. 5. Cone-bearing tapered bore bearing inner ring of a cone-rolling bearing to the heart. 6. Flange bearing flanged bearing in one of its rings, the outer ring or cone is generally on the outer ring diameter to the flange to the heart of the rolling bearings. 7. Roller
Ferry (rolling) bearing track roller (rolling bearing) a thick cross-section of the outer ring to the heart of rolling bearing, as the wheels rolling on the rails, such as the rail cam. 8. Dangquan-wheel (rolling) bearing yoke type track roller (rolling bearing)

Equipped with a roller-Dangquan the rolling bearing. 9. Omnipotent group with bearing universal matching bearing arbitrary choice of a set of one or more sets of the same to the ball bearing heart with the use of rolling bearings, can be paired to the first group or the installation of under (c) of thrust bearings

.1. Thrust bearing the main thrust bearing axial load to bear for the Rolling, said the contact angle greater than 45 ° to 90, the basic components Weizhou lap, seat and with or without the roller cage. 2. Axial contact bearing axial contact bearing nominal

Contact angle of 90 ° the thrust bearing. 3. Angular contact thrust bearings angular contact thrust bearing nominal contact angle greater than 45 ° but less than 90 ° thrust roller bearing. 4. Thrust bearing one-way single direction thrust bearing only a

Radial contact bearing radial contact bearing nominal contact angle is 0 ° to the heart 05/12/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

Rolling. 3. Angular contact bearings to the heart angular contact radial bearing nominal contact angle greater than 0 ° to 45 ° to the heart of the rolling bearings. 4. Spherical bearing, insert bearing a spherical surface, and locking pieces with a wide inner ring to the heart of rolling bearings. Mainly forSimple to use shell. 5. Cone-bearing tapered bore bearing inner ring of a cone-rolling bearing to the heart. 6. Flange bearing flanged bearing in one of its rings, the outer ring or cone is generally on the outer ring diameter to the flange to the heart of the rolling bearings. 7. Roller
Ferry (rolling) bearing track roller (rolling bearing) a thick cross-section of the outer ring to the heart of rolling bearing, as the wheels rolling on the rails, such as the rail cam. 8. Dangquan-wheel (rolling) bearing yoke type track roller (rolling bearing)

Equipped with a roller-Dangquan the rolling bearing. 9. Omnipotent group with bearing universal matching bearing arbitrary choice of a set of one or more sets of the same to the ball bearing heart with the use of rolling bearings, can be paired to the first group or the installation of under (c) of thrust bearings

.1. Thrust bearing the main thrust bearing axial load to bear for the Rolling, said the contact angle greater than 45 ° to 90, the basic components Weizhou lap, seat and with or without the roller cage. 2. Axial contact bearing axial contact bearing nominal

Contact angle of 90 ° the thrust bearing. 3. Angular contact thrust bearings angular contact thrust bearing nominal contact angle greater than 45 ° but less than 90 ° thrust roller bearing. 4. Thrust bearing one-way single direction thrust bearing only a

Bearing friction reduction of the plating process outlined in (3) (2) 05/10/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

Pb2 + in the bath for the alloy plating provide the main component, reported in the literature in the range of 80 ~ 333 g / ι. If its higher concentration, allowing the use of high current density of the cathode, the deposition speed, but their ability to spread, with a larger loss. If a lower concentration, the ability to spread better, but slower deposition. If the content is too low concentration polarization of the bath too much, not current or to effect a flow-stripe coating defects and pyramid-shaped structure of the micro-Kim Sang, intuitive to reflect on the rough coating. If the content is too high so that on the one hand bath with a loss increases, increased costs on the other hand temperatures in the low-prone boric acid (H3BO3) and the precipitation of additives, resulting in rough coating. DK is appropriate to the content of the provisions of the ceiling and crystal coating and meticulous in following the temperature dropped to 15 ℃, in the bath should have no additives and the boric acid precipitation phenomenon. 4.2.2 free fluoride boric acid (HBF4) concentration of its primary role for the anode to normal dissolved; prevent the price of tin (Sn2 +) and the suppression of the major ions (Pb2 +, Sn2 +, Cu2 +) hydrolysis to improve the stability of bath ; I. Introduction and improve the ability of decentralized; refined crystal. Reported in the literature in the range of 40 ~ 300 g / ι. When the boric acid free fluoride content is too low, it dissociation from the hydrogen ions (H +) concentration of low, may occur in the following bath hydrolysis; Pb2 + +2 H2O <==> Pb (OH) 2 ↓ +2 H + Sn2 + + 2H2O <==> Sn (OH) 2 ↓ +2 H + Cu2 + +2 H2O <==> Cu (OH) 2 ↓ +2 H +. They all generate hydroxide precipitation and suspended in the bath. Electroplating, they adhesion to the substrate surface or inclusion in the coating, and it makes the coating and substrate binding force between the fall and the crisp coating, rough, since Huaban, coating the wear-resistance and anti-fatigue properties obvious Decline. When the solution of boric acid content of fluorine free too high, in the plating of the high current density, that is, bearing a burr or sharp edge of the places, such as a hydrogen End precipitation. The result is bearing deposits in the air above a pinhole defects and stripes. At the same time, because the edge effects and cutting-edge high current density discharge makes the deposition too fast, in the main bath salt ions too late to add, that is, from the surface or the proliferation of nuclear-control into a Mass Transfer of control, increasing concentration polarization in the Bearing the inner surface (cathode) in electrochemical reactions are as follows: 2H + +2 e <==> H2 ↑ response can be seen from the above, when hydrogen ions (H +) concentration (that is, the corresponding free fluoride concentration of boric acid) increased, To balance the right move, to promote hydrogen (H2) generation. Analysis of the results of not only hydrogen will flow coating stripes and a pinhole defects, but also because of the beginning of the ecology of hydrogen (H - that is, hydrogen radicals) to infiltrate a coating of internal metal hydride and a lattice distortions and thread Dislocation phenomena.

Rolling the common terms and definitions (other5) 05/08/2008 Europe/London +0100 BST

(D) of sub-components, parts and components the size of 1. Diameter ball diameter ball with the ball tangent to the surface of the two parallel distance between the plane. 2. Roller roller diameter in diameter roller axis perpendicular to the plane of the line (radial plane), and roller tangent to the surface parallel to each other as the distance between the two tangent. Rated load calculation, the application of radial roller central plane. 3. Roller roller length include the length of roller end, the two radial distance between the plane. However, in the calculation of the rated load with the "roller length" is a roller and Raceway in the shortest possible contact with the theoretical maximum length of exposure. 4. Ball Festival Circle Group diameter pitch diameter of ball set the ball bearings, a core component of the diameter of the circle. 5. Roller Group Festival circle diameter pitch diameter of roller set within a bearing roller in the middle of roller axis line running through the circle's diameter. 6. Balls group diameter (diameter) ball set bore diameter (outside diameter) with a ball bearing the internal (external) diameter cylinder. 7. Roller Group diameter (OD) roller set bore diameter (outside diameter) radial contact roller bearings, a roller, then the (external) diameter cylinder. 8. Balls overall diameter (diameter) ball complement bore diameter (outside diameter) to the ball bearings inside the ball all the internal (external) diameter cylinder. 9. Roller overall diameter (OD) roller complemert bore diameter (outside diameter) radial contact roller bearings, roller all the internal (external) diameter cylinder.